利用多源高度计资料提取南海低模态内潮能量     

马静怡  徐永生 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(6):1169-1177

吕宋海峡由于剧烈变化的地形成为内潮产生的源地,内潮是海洋混合的重要原因。为了认知南海的内潮能通量分布,对南海的内潮有更好的理解,本文利用21世纪以来发射的多颗高度计卫星:J2、J1T、GFO以及EN,提取了吕宋海峡附近内潮的能通量。研究使用了调和分析和高通滤波等方法来提取第一模态内潮,主要提取K_1,K_2,M_2,N_2,O_1,P_1,Q_1和S_2八个分潮。同时结合WOA数据对能通量进行计算。结果表明,目标区域潮汐以全日分潮为主,所选区域的全日分潮中K_1所占比例最大;半日分潮中M_2分潮最强,而内潮的能通量则是M_2分潮所占最大,在吕宋海峡区域M_2能通量为6.45GW。内潮主要产生在地形变化剧烈的地方,海域的大部分地区内潮能量很小。在吕宋海峡中部,全日分潮能通量要小于南部地区,而半日分潮则有较大值。  相似文献   

SWAT模型在土地利用/覆被变化剧烈地区的改进与应用     

金鑫  金彦香  杨登兴 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(8):1064-1073

人口增长、气候变化、制度变迁、城市化等均会导致土地利用/覆被的变化,进而引起流域水文过程（截留、入渗、蒸散发和地下水补给等）和水循环过程的改变。当前,由于逐年土地利用/覆被数据获取困难、水文模型本身计算缺陷等问题,所有在流域尺度上开展的借助水文模型进行的土地利用/覆被变化影响下的水文模拟研究都存在一个共同缺点,就是采用的水文模型并不能逐年调用土地利用/覆被数据,即水文模型无法真实体现或模拟土地利用/覆被的时空变化。SWAT作为一个广泛应用的分布式水文模型,在其模拟期内,不能逐年调用土地利用/覆被数据,即在进行水文模拟时忽略了土地利用/覆被时间上的变化,这可能会影响其在土地利用/覆被变化剧烈地区（如黑河中游）的应用。黑河流域是典型的内陆河流域,也是中国西北地区第二大内陆河流域。黑河中游是黑河流域的径流耗散区。本文针对SWAT模型在考虑土地利用/覆被变化时的缺点,对其进行了改进并开发出能够逐年调用土地利用/覆被数据的LU-SWAT模型。在土地利用/覆被变化剧烈的黑河中游对SWAT和LU-SWAT模型的径流模拟效果进行比较,发现LU-SWAT模型更适用于黑河中游水循环模拟。  相似文献   

东海PN断面透明胞外聚合颗粒物分布特征及来源研究     

舒逸  张桂成  孙军 《海洋学报》2018,40(8):110-119

透明胞外聚合颗粒物（TEP）是凝聚网的重要组成部分甚至核心，在微尺度范围上形成了水环境结构的重要梯度，对于元素地球化学生物循环、碳沉降以及食物网有着举足轻重的作用。本文研究了东海典型断面PN透明胞外聚合颗粒物的分布特征及来源。结果表明:东海典型断面PN透明胞外聚合颗粒物含量介于28~376 μg Xeq./L之间，平均值为（115±67）μg Xeq./L；呈现出明显的夏季 > 冬季 > 秋季 > 春季的季节变化特征以及近岸 > 外海和底层 > 表层的分布趋势。通过对比透明胞外聚合颗粒物分布趋势和硅藻、甲藻分布趋势以及统计分析得出，东海典型断面PN透明胞外聚合颗粒物主要来源于硅藻，甲藻贡献不大；而外海TEP的来源可能主要由超微型浮游植物贡献。  相似文献   

Galileo广播星历评估及其对定位精度的影响     

韩德强  党亚民  庞辉  薛树强  杨强  张龙平 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(11):1165-1169

分析现阶段伽利略空间信号的精度，并评估伽利略广播星历及其对单点定位的影响。统计30 d健康卫星广播星历，结果表明，FOC和IOV两种类型的广播星历卫星轨道误差优于0.8 m，并且径向误差最小，法向误差次之，切向误差最大；伽利略卫星的钟差误差精度达到1.0 ns；从空间信号测距误差对伽利略卫星进行整体分析，广播星历精度优于1.0 m，FOC与IOV卫星精度相当；用广播星历进行事后单点定位的精度可以达到dm级。  相似文献   

南海蜑螺科一新记录属和一新记录种记述 (软体动物门:腹足纲:珍珠蜑螺目)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈志云  张均龙 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(10):209-211

作者在整理中国科学院海洋生物标本馆馆藏蜑螺科Neritidae标本时，鉴定出产自海南三亚的一新记录属饰纹蜑螺属Vittina Baker，1924和一新记录种：裂蜑螺Vittina pennata（von Born，1778）。文中详细描述了本种的贝壳形态特征，查明了其生活习性和地理分布特点，并与相似种进行了比较和总结。  相似文献   

Nine thousand years of upper montane soil/vegetation dynamics from the summit of Caratuva Peak,Southern Brazil     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2014

Biodiversity loss, climate change, and increased freshwater consumption are some of the main environmental problems on Earth. Mountain ecosystems can reduce these threats by providing several positive influences, such as the maintenance of biodiversity, water regulation, and carbon storage, amongst others. The knowledge of the history of these environments and their response to climate change is very important for management, conservation, and environmental monitoring programs. The genesis of the soil organic matter of the current upper montane vegetation remains unclear and seems to be quite variable depending on location. Some upper montane sites in the very extensive coastal Sea Mountain Range present considerable organic matter from the late Pleistocene and other from only the Holocene. Our study was carried out on three soil profiles (two cores in grassland and one in forest) on the Caratuva Peak of the Serra do Ibitiraquire (a sub-range of Sea Mountain Range – Serra do Mar) in Southern Brazil. The δ¹³C isotopic analyses of organic matter in soil horizons were conducted to detect whether C₃ or C₄ plants dominated the past communities. Complementarily, we performed a pollen analysis and ¹⁴C dating of the humin fraction to obtain the age of the studied horizons. Except for a short and probably drier period (between 6000 and 4500 cal yr BP), C₃ plants, including ombrophilous grasses and trees, have dominated the highlands of the Caratuva Peak (Pico Caratuva), as well as the other uppermost summits of the Serra do Ibitiraquire, since around 9000 cal yr BP. The Caratuva region represents a landscape of high altitude grasslands (campos de altitude altomontanos or campos altomontanos) and upper montane rain/cloud forests with soils that most likely contain some organic matter from the late Pleistocene, as has been reported in Southern and Southeastern Brazil for other sites. However, our results indicate that the studied deposits (near the summit) are from the early to late Holocene, when somewhat wetter and warmer conditions (since around 9000 cal yr BP) enabled a stronger colonization of the ridge of Pico Caratuva by mainly C₃ plants, especially grassland species. However, at the same time, even near the summit, the soil core from the forest site already presented the current physiognomy (or a shrubby/elfin or successional forest), indicating that the colonization of the neighboring uppermost saddles and valleys were probably populated mainly by upper montane forest species.  相似文献   

A nonstationary extreme value distribution for analysing the cessation of karst spring discharge          下载免费PDF全文

Yan Liu  Yonghong Hao  Yonghui Fan  Tongke Wang  Xueli Huo  Youcun Liu  Tian‐Chyi J. Yeh 《水文研究》2014,28(20):5251-5258

The effects of climate change and population growth in recent decades are leading us to consider their combined and potentially extreme consequences, particularly regarding hydrological processes, which can be modeled using a generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. Most of the GEV models were based on a stationary assumption for hydrological processes, in contrast to the nonstationary reality due to climate change and human activities. In this paper, we present the nonstationary generalized extreme value (NSGEV) distribution and use it to investigate the risk of Niangziguan Springs discharge decreasing to zero. Rather than assuming the location, scale, and shape parameters to be constant as one might do for a stationary GEV distribution analysis, the NSGEV approach can reflect the dynamic processes by defining the GEV parameters as functions of time. Because most of the GEV model is designed to evaluate maxima (e.g. flooding, represented by positive numbers), and spring discharge cessation is a ?minima’, we deduced an NSGEV model for minima by applying opposite numbers, i.e. negative instead of positive numbers. The results of the model application to Niangziguan Springs showed that the probability of zero discharge at Niangziguan Springs will be 1/80 in 2025, and 1/10 in 2030. After 2025, the rate of decrease in spring discharge will accelerate, and the probability that Niangziguan Springs will cease flowing will dramatically increase. The NSGEV model is a robust method for analysing karst spring discharge. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Tectonostratigraphic framework and depositional history of the deepwater Ulleung Basin,East Sea/Sea of Japan     

Kyoung-Jin Kim  Dong-Geun Yoo  Nyeon-Keon Kang  Bo-Yeon Yi 《Basin Research》2020,32(4):613-635

The Ulleung Basin, East Sea/Japan Sea, is a Neogene back-arc basin and occupies a tectonically crucial zone under the influence of relative motions between Eurasian, Pacific and Philippine Sea plates. However, the link between tectonics and sedimentation remains poorly understood in the back-arc Ulleung Basin, as it does in many other back-arc basins as well, because of a paucity of seismic data and controversy over the tectonic history of the basin. This paper presents an integrated tectonostratigraphic and sedimentary evolution in the deepwater Ulleung Basin using 2D multichannel seismic reflection data. The sedimentary succession within the deepwater Ulleung Basin is divided into four second-order seismic megasequences (MS1 to MS4). Detailed seismic stratigraphy interpretation of the four megasequences suggests the depositional history of the deepwater Ulleung Basin occurred in four stages, controlled by tectonic movement, volcanism, and sea-level fluctuations. In Stage 1 (late Oligocene through early Miocene), syn-rift sediment supplied to the basin was restricted to the southern base-of-slope, whereas the northern distal part of the basin was dominated by volcanic sills and lava flows derived from initial rifting-related volcanism. In Stage 2 (late early Miocene through middle Miocene), volcanic extrusion occurred through post-rift, chain volcanism in the earliest time, followed by hemipelagic and turbidite sedimentation in a quiescent open marine setting. In Stage 3 (late middle Miocene through late Miocene), compressional activity was predominant throughout the Ulleung Basin, resulting in regional uplift and sub-aerial erosion/denudation of the southern shelf of the basin, which provided enormous volumes of sediment into the basin through mass transport processes. In Stage 4 (early Pliocene through present), although the degree of tectonic stress decreased significantly, mass movement was still generated by sea-level fluctuations as well as compressional tectonic movement, resulting in stacked mass transport deposits along the southern basin margin. We propose a new depositional history model for the deepwater Ulleung Basin and provide a window into understanding how tectonic, volcanic and eustatic interactions control sedimentation in back-arc basins.  相似文献   

华北板块南缘中段中上三叠统软沉积变形构造的发现及其地质意义     

全晓园  刘池洋  张龙  张东东  王建强  马奂奂  冯琦  翟光麾 《现代地质》2020,34(2):333-344

豫西地区中上三叠统主要出露在济源、义马、伊川和南召一带。印支期秦岭造山运动控制和影响着邻区中上三叠统盆地属性和沉积地层展布。通过观察研究区野外露头剖面,发现中上三叠统发育一系列典型的软沉积变形构造,包括液化底辟、枕状构造、液化柱、液化卷曲变形、负载、球-枕、火焰状构造、液化角砾岩。这些软沉积变形在垂向上表现出明显的复现性,在侧向上表现为沿地层连续展布,表明该时期研究区内地层受到频繁强烈的地震影响。通过对这些软沉积现象的识别和形成机制解释,判定其触发因素为秦岭造山过程中伴生的地震。区内地层中震积岩的存在即是对秦岭造山过程中构造活动的响应。  相似文献   

中国避暑型与避寒型宜人气候的分布特征及差异     

邓粒子  保继刚 《地理研究》2020,39(1):41-52

宜人气候可以分为避暑型和避寒型两种类型,但现有研究鲜有关注国内两类气候的分布特征及差异。本文采用1981—2010年2132个国家气象观测站数据,基于温湿指数、风寒指数和着衣指数计算各个气象站点的气候综合舒适指数,结合协同克里金空间插值方法对全国避暑型和避寒型宜人气候的分布特征进行了研究,并对两类气候的地域差异进行了分析。结果表明：① 中国避暑型气候区包括40°N以北的西北边疆和东北地区、西北中部地区及西南地区三大集中分布区。中国避寒型气候区集中分布在北回归线以南的低纬地区。② 国内夏冬两季的气候不舒适地域广阔,包括环渤海、长三角等经济发达、人口稠密地区,避暑型与避寒型气候资源的开发潜力显著。③ 两类宜人气候呈现明显的地域分离特征,拥有避暑和避寒双重属性的地方极少。④ 国内避寒型气候是稀缺资源,具有垄断性特征;而避暑型气候相对分布广泛,是一种相对遍在性资源。本文不仅丰富了宜人气候分布特征研究的理论成果,而且可为地方气候资源的旅游开发提供科学依据。  相似文献